Monday, July 3, 2017

Physically Based Lens Flare

While playing Horizon Zero Dawn I got inspired by the lens flare they supported and decided to look into implementing some basic ones in Stingray. There were four types of flare I was particularly interested in.
  1. Anisomorphic flare
  2. Aperture diffraction (Starbursts)
  3. Camera ghosts due to Sun or Moon (High Quality - What this post will cover)
  4. Camera ghosts due to all other light sources (Low Quality - Screen Space Effect)
Image credits: Die Hard (1), Just Another Dang Blog (2), PEXELS (3), The Matrix Reloaded (4)

Once finished I'll do a follow up blog post on the Camera Lens Flare plugin, but for now I want to share the implementation details of the high-quality ghosts which are an implementation of "Physically-Based Real-Time Lens Flare Rendering".

Code and Results

All the code used to generate the images and videos of this article can can be found on github.com/greje656/PhysicallyBasedLensFlare.



Ghosts

The basic idea of the "Physically-Based Lens Flare" paper is to ray trace "bundles" into a lens system which will end up on a sensor to form a ghost. A ghost here refers to the de-focused light that reaches the sensor of a camera due to the light reflecting off the lenses. Since a camera lens is not typically made of a single optical lens but many lenses there can be many ghosts that form on it's sensor. If we only consider the ghosts that are formed from two bounces, that's a total of nCr(n,2) possible ghosts combinations (where n is the number of lens components in a camera lens)


Lens Interface Description

Ok let's get into it. To trace rays in an optical system we obviously need to build an optical system first. This part can be tedious. Not only have you got to find the "Lens Prescription" you are looking for, you also need to manually parse it. For example parsing the Nikon 28-75mm patent data might look something like this:


There is no standard way of describing such systems. You may find all the information you need from a lens patent, but often (especially for older lenses) you end up staring at an old document that seems to be missing important information required for the algorithm. For example, the Russian lens MIR-1 apparently produces beautiful lens flare, but the only lens description I could find for it was this:

MIP.1B manual

Ray Tracing

Once you have parsed your lens description into something your trace algorithm can consume, you can then start to ray trace. The idea is to initialize a tessellated patch at the camera's light entry point and trace through each of the points in the direction of the incoming light. There are a couple of subtleties to note regarding the tracing algorithm.

First, when a ray misses a lens component the raytracing routine isn't necessarily stopped. Instead if the ray can continue with a path that is meaningful the ray trace continues until it reaches the sensor. Only if the ray misses the sphere formed by the radius of the lens do we break the raytracing routine. The idea behind this is to get as many traced points to reach the sensor so that the interpolated data can remain as continuous as possible. Rays track the maximum relative distance it had with a lens component while tracing through the interface. This relative distance will be used in the pixel shader later to determine if a ray had left the interface.

Relative distance visualized as green/orange gradient (black means ray missed lens component completely)

Secondly, a ray bundle carries a fixed amount of energy so it is important to consider the distortion of the bundle area that occurs while tracing them. In In the paper, the author states:
"At each vertex, we store the average value of its surrounding neighbours. The regular grid of rays, combined with the transform feedback (or the stream-out) mechanism of modern graphics hardware, makes this lookup of neighbouring quad values very easy"
I don't understand how the transform feedback, along with the available adjacency information of the geometry shader could be enough to provide the information of the four surrounding quads of a vertex (if you know please leave a comment). Luckily we now have compute and UAVs which turn this problem into a fairly trivial one. Currently I only calculate an approximation of the surrounding areas by assuming the neighbouring quads are roughly parallelograms. I estimate their bases and heights as the average lengths of their top/bottom, left/right segments. The results are seen as caustics forming on the sensor where some bundles converge into tighter area patches while some other dilates:


This works fairly well but is expensive. Something that I intend to improve in the future.

Now that we have a traced patch we need to make some sense out of it. The patch "as is" can look intimidating at first. Due to early exits of some rays the final vertices can sometimes look like something went terribly wrong. Here is a particularly distorted ghost:


The first thing to do is discard pixels that exited the lens system:
float intensity1 = max_relative_distance < 1.0f;
float intensity = intensity1;
if(intensity == 0.f) discard;

Then we can discard the rays that didn't have any energy as they entered to begin with (say outside the sun disk):
float lens_distance = length(entry_coordinates.xy);
float sun_disk = 1 - saturate((lens_distance - 1.f + fade)/fade);
sun_disk = smoothstep(0, 1, sun_disk);
//...
float intensity2 = sun_disk;
float intensity = intensity1 * intensity2;
if(intensity == 0.f) discard;

Then we can discard the rays that we're blocked by the aperture:
//...
float intensity3 = aperture_sample;
float intensity = intensity1 * intensity2 * intensity3;
if(intensity == 0.f) discard;

Finally we adjust the radiance of the beams based on their final areas:
//...
float intensity4 = (original_area/(new_area + eps)) * energy;
float intensity = intensity1 * intensity2 * intensity3 * intensity4;
if(intensity == 0.f) discard;

The final value is the rgb reflectance value of the ghost modulated by the incoming light color:
float3 color = intensity * reflectance.xyz * TempToColor(INCOMING_LIGHT_TEMP);

Aperture


Image credits: 6iee

The aperture shape is built procedurally. As suggested by Padraic Hennessy's blog I use a signed distance field confined by "n" segments and threshold it against some distance value. I also experimented with approximating the light diffraction that occurs at the edge of the apperture blades using a simple function:


Finally, I offset the signed distance field with a repeating sin function which can give curved aperture blades:


Starburst

The starburst phenomena is due to light diffraction that passes through the small aperture hole. It's a phenomena known as the "single slit diffraction of light". The author got really convincing results to simulate this using the Fraunhofer approximation. The challenge with this approach is that it requires bringing the aperture texture into Fourier space which is not trivial. In previous projects I used Cuda's math library to perform the FFT of a signal but since the goal is to bring this into Stingray I didn't want to have such a dependency. Luckily I found this little gem posted by Joseph S. from intel. He provides a clean and elegant compute implementation of the butterfly passes method which bring a signal to and from Fourier space. Using it I can feed in the aperture shape and extract the Fourier Power Spectrum:


This spectrum needs to be filtered further in order to look like a starburst. This is where the Fraunhofer approximation comes in. The idea is to basically reconstruct the diffraction of white light by summing up the diffraction of multiple wavelengths. The key observation is that the same Fourier signal can be used for all wavelengths. The only thing needed is to scale the sampling coordinates of the Fourier power spectrum:

(x0,y0) = (u,v)·λ·z0 for λ = 350nm/435nm/525nm/700nm

Summing up the wavelengths gives the starburst image. To get more interesting results I apply an extra filtering step. I use a spiral pattern mixed with a small rotation to get rid of any left over radial ringing artifacts (judging by the author's starburst results I suspect this is a step they are also doing):


Anti Reflection Coating

While some appreciate the artistic aspect of lens flare, lens manufacturers work hard to minimize them by coating lenses with anti-reflection coatings. The coating applied to each lenses are usually designed to minimize the reflection of a specific wavelength. They are defined by their thickness and index of refraction. Given the wavelength to minimize reflections for, and the IORs of the two medium involved in the reflection (say n0 and n2), the ideal IOR (n1) and thickness (d) of the coating are defined as n1 = sqrt(n0·n2) and d=λ/4·n1. This is known as a quarter wavelength anti-reflection coating. I've found this site very helpful to understand this phenomenon.

In the current implementation each lens coating specifies a wavelength the coating should be optimized for and the ideal thickness and IOR are used by default. I added a controllable offset to thicken the AR coating layer in order to conveniently reduce it's anti-reflection properties:

No AR Coating:

Ideal AR Coating:

AR Coating with offsetted thickness:

Optimisations

Currently the full cost of the effect for a Nikon 28-75mm lens is 12ms (3ms to ray march 352x32x32 points and 9ms to draw the 352 patches). The performance degrades as the sun disk is made bigger since it results in more and more overshading during the rasterisation of each ghosts. With a simpler lens interface like the 1955 Angenieux the cost decreases significantly. In the current implementation every possible "two bounce ghost" is traced and drawn. For a lens system like the Nikon 28-75mm which has 27 lens components, that's n!/r!(n-r)! = 352 ghosts. It's easy to see that this number can increase dramatically with the number of component.

An obvious optimization would be to skip ghosts that have intensities so low that their contributions are imperceptible. Using Compute/DrawIndirect it would be fairly simple to first run a coarse pass and use it to cull non contributing ghosts. This would reduce the compute and rasterization pressure on the gpu dramatically. Something I intend to do in future.

Conclusion

I'm not sure if this approach was ever used in a game. It would probably be hard to justify it's heavy cost. I feel this would have a better use case in the context of pre-visualization where a director might be interested in having early feedback on how a certain lens might behave in a shot.

Image credits: Wallup

Image credits: Wallpapers Web

Finally, be aware the author has filled a patent for the algorithm described in his paper, which may put limits on how you may use parts of what is described in my post. Please contact the paper's author for more information on what restrictions might be in place.

312 comments:

  1. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Great post. :-) Thanks for sharing!


    Regarding this:
    "I don't understand how the transform feedback, along with the available adjacency information of the geometry shader could be enough to provide the information of the four surrounding quads of a vertex (if you know please leave a comment)."

    I may be wrong, but perhaps the author defines the cross section of the beam using a quad patch (bounded by 4 vertices). Therefore, the beam is not centered on a vertex, but rather on the center of the quad, so you don't have to share any information between different quads.

    ReplyDelete
  3. very nice thanks admin good post thanks admin
    baby alive videos

    ReplyDelete
  4. Have you looked into https://graphics.tudelft.nl/Publications-new/2013/LE13/PracticalReal-TimeLens.pdf (and https://placeholderart.wordpress.com/2015/01/19/implementation-notes-physically-based-lens-flares/)?

    ReplyDelete
  5. McAfee provides security for all sorts of users. They supply services and products for home and office at home, enterprise businesses with over 250 workers, and small organizations with under 250 employees, and also venture opportunities.
    mcafee.com activate

    ReplyDelete
  6. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  7. mcafee.com/activate have the complete set of features which can protect your digital online and offline life of the computing devices, and it not only help you to protect it but also it can maintain the stability of your computer.

    Mcafee.com/activate
    install mcafee

    ReplyDelete
  8. Install Webroot for complete internet browsing & web Security in your computer. It will save you from all the cyber attacks.

    webroot install key code

    webroot install

    ReplyDelete
  9. The webroot antivirus is a very renowned security tool that protect the computer software and malware & firewall.

    webroot download

    secure anywhere

    ReplyDelete
  10. Mcafee.com/activate have the complete set of features which can protect your digital online life the computing devices, and it not only help you to protect it but also it can maintain the stability of your computer, increase the speed with inbuilt PC Optimisation tool.

    mcafee activate product key

    mcafee activate

    ReplyDelete
  11. If you haven't already, you'll need to redeem and install Office on your PC or Mac before you can activate.

    office.com setup

    office com setup

    ReplyDelete
  12. Download the Microsoft office setup 365 & Get full support of any query. Get the complete process of installation & product, the procedures to install MS Office keys etc.

    office.com/setup

    www.office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  13. great website
    http://www.officesetup.company

    ReplyDelete
  14. How you install or reinstall Office 365 or Office 2016 depends on whether your Office product is part of an Office for home or Office for business plan. If you're not sure what you have, see what office.com setup products are included in each plan and then follow the steps for your product.
    office-com setup
    office com/setup
    mcafee.com/activate

    ReplyDelete

  15. Install Mcafee antivirus to protect your computer or laptop from virus attacks. Mcafee Activate
    Visit there to activate mcafee antivirus with activation code.

    ReplyDelete

  16. Microsoft Office is an office suite that includes a variety of applications, servers and services.ms office setup
    These includes well-known programs such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, Outlook, OneNote, as well as applications such as Publisher, Project, Skype for Business, Visio, and SharePoint Designe

    ReplyDelete

  17. Office Setup is available for all platforms with different versions like Office setup 2016, Office setup 365, Office setup 2013, Office setup Home & student, Outlook, Office com setup, Microsoft Office Setup, office.com/setup
    http://officesetup.tech/

    ReplyDelete

  18. Norton setup product key installation is a computer program that provides malware prevention and removal during a subscription period and uses signatures and heuristics to identify viruses. Norton setup product key installation Other features included in the product are a personal firewall, email spam filtering, and phishing protection.

    ReplyDelete


  19. Office Setup is available for all platforms with different versions like Office setup 2016, Office setup 365, Office setup 2013, Office setup Home & student, Outlook, Office com setup, Microsoft Office Setup, office.com/setup


    www.office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  20. Bitdefender offers a suite of Antivirus products that includes Antivirus Plus, Internet Security, and Total Security.central.bitdefender.com Using the Bitdefender tools, users are protected from most online threats including spyware, malware, viruses and other malicious software.

    ReplyDelete

  21. Collaborate for free with online versions of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and OneNote. Save documents, spreadsheets, and presentations online, in OneDrive.

    http://office-my-account.net/


    ReplyDelete

  22. Collaborate for free with online versions of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and OneNote. Save documents, spreadsheets, and presentations online, in OneDrive.


    office my account

    ReplyDelete

  23. Collaborate for free with online versions of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and OneNote. Save documents, spreadsheets, and presentations online, in OneDrive.

    office my account


    ReplyDelete

  24. install setup.office.com its useful your busniess,home,school.its popular suite consisting applications, servers and services.setup.office.com The basic version of Office included only Word, Excel and PowerPoint.please visit our website.

    ReplyDelete

  25. Microsoft Product Activation is a DRM technology used by Microsoft Corporation in several of its computer software programs, most notably its Windows operating system and its Office productivity suite.mcafee activation code it's large use in business purpose.

    ReplyDelete


  26. Microsoft office setup has various product for various purpose.

    Office Com Setup

    ReplyDelete
  27. We are providing help and support for online activation,you can get required help from office.com/setup. Call us or email us the error or problem, our one of the expert contact you with the suitable perfect solution. Get complete suite ready and tested as per your need and see how it is easy to work with Microsoft Office.Call us : US : +1-888-254-4408 UK : +44-0808-234-2376 AUS : +61-1-800-985-062
    http://officesetup.ca

    ReplyDelete
  28. The Norton Products for which we give underpins are Norton Security, Norton 360, Norton Internet security, Norton Software for Mobile, Norton Deluxe, Norton standard and other Norton Products. You can introduce them utilizing a CD Drive or Online from you dashboard of Norton account. In any case, before that, you need to download Norton Setup from norton-installsetup.com. Pre-necessities of framework and establishment esteem differentiate from Norton thing to thing so fastidiously read the assistance and faq accessible on the official site page of Norton, norton.com/setup. Call us : US : +1-888-254-4408 UK : +44-0808-234-2376 AUS : +61-1-800-985-062
    http://nortoncomsetupnorton.net

    ReplyDelete
  29. This blog is truly useful to convey overhauled instructive undertakings over web which is truly examination. I discovered one fruitful case of this truth through this blog. I will utilize such data now.lindberg แว่น

    ReplyDelete
  30. I constantly like to read a top quality content having accurate info pertaining to the subject and the exact same thing I found in this article. Nice job.
    ตัดแว่น

    ReplyDelete
  31. Office Setup , the popular productivity suite includes a number of servers, application, and services. www.office.comsetup has been developed for Windows, Mac, Android, and iOS operating systems. With Office.com/Setup 365 as the latest version, the software is being widely used by the consumers and businesses.

    ReplyDelete
  32. very informative article.worth visiting.Thank you for posting this useful information.kee publishing this sort of helpful articles with us.
    Camera On Rental In Hyderabad
    Post Production Services In Hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  33. I am sure this post has helped me save many hours of browsing other similar post just to find what i was looking for. I just want to say thank you.
    IELTS Coaching In dwarka

    ReplyDelete

  34. It’s really very informative and helpful. Thank you for sharing such an amazing information. Besides this every thing is clear and best in this article. Keep it up.
    Bitdefender support

    ReplyDelete
  35. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  36. Outstanding blog thanks for sharing such wonderful blog with us ,after long time came across such knowlegeble blog. keep sharing such informative blog with us.
    Check out : machine learning training in chennai
    best training institute for machine learning
    best machine learning institutes in chennai
    artificial intelligence and machine learning course in chennai

    ReplyDelete
  37. Nice blog..! I really loved reading through this article. Thanks for sharing such a amazing post with us and keep blogging... angular 4 training in chennai | angularjs training in omr | best angularjs training institute in chennai | angularjs training in omr

    ReplyDelete
  38. install webroot - Do you consider your privacy may be compromised while on-line? Experience up coming technology Protection stage with Webroot in your all devices. This software helps to protect your data against cybercrime, viruses, peripheral or external devices. Moreover, you also get the freedom to create a backup, in case of a loss. On the other hand, you can also stop files/ folders from synchronizing.

    webroot.com/safe | brother pritner driver | mcafee activate 25 digit code

    ReplyDelete
  39. avast support is a world-renowned name in the internet security domain. The company delivers a wide selection of antivirus and security software to deal with the harmful online threats lurking in the internet market. There are a number of errors that can affect the performance of the antivirus and makes it unable to protect your device. These errors should be fixed immediately to ensure the continued protection of your device. At avast-support.net, we offer the support services for the same.
    avast support number | avast customer service

    ReplyDelete
  40. install webroot is an essential component of every computer as well as one of the most widely used programs. It's an indispensable tool for every computer user and that is why an issues pertaining to it can result into quite a lot of trouble for the user.
    webroot install | webroot.com/safe | webroot safe | www.webroot.com/safe | webroot geek squad | webroot geek squad download

    ReplyDelete
  41. Are you getting errors when you try to activate your McAfee.com/activate subscription? Then read on to get step by step guide to solve McAfee activation errors. Just visit our website - www.mcafee.com/activate.
    Mcafee.com/activate | Mcafee activate | Mcafee Activate 25 digit code | Mcafee log in | Norton.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  42. This is a great inspiring article.I am pretty much pleased with your good work.You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post. I'm really impressed with the info you provide in your articles. We are providing support for www.webroot.com/safe issues. If you need the same, you can visit our website.

    avast customer service |
    webroot.com/safe |
    webroot geek squad |
    webroot geek squad download |
    brother printer support

    ReplyDelete
  43. great article.This is my first time I have visited here. I found a lot of interesting information in your blog. From the volume of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one!
    keep up the great work.

    website designing company

    Best SEO company

    ReplyDelete
  44. Ambien 10mg dozing pills have turned into the most famous resting pills in the course of the most recent couple of years, being taken by right around 22 million Americans. Ambien 10mg is a remedy based dozing pill which your doctor can endorse to enable the individuals to experience the ill effects of sleep deprivation. It isn't intended for long term use, despite the fact that it can easily become addictive. Ambien is expected to enable an individual to nod off rapidly, and should be taken in like manner. When taking Ambien 10mg, it should not be blended with some other medications, medicine or over the counter medications that could cause sleepiness.

    ReplyDelete
  45. McAfee is in excess of a two-decade old security organization of antivirus. With the assault of the hurtful infection or malware to your PC framework, it has moved toward becoming a significant fundamental assignment to introduce the McAfee.com/actuate antivirus programming program on your working framework. Clients can go to the mcafee.com/actuate official site of McAfee and can introduce McAfee Antivirus Security application by following some straightforward advances. Visit : mcafee.com/activate

    ReplyDelete
  46. very informative article.worth visiting as well as worth recommending to the people.Must appreciate your effort.Thank you.keep posting this sort of helpful articles with us.
    Nano IIT Academy

    ReplyDelete
  47. All Ac market Cracked and Moded and Patched redirections like Minecraft stash form are available. Simple to utilize and available in all lingos, and Ac market downloading will control you in very much arranged technique.

    ReplyDelete
  48. AC Market APK is a free app that is dedicated to provide free cracked apps and games only for Android devices.
    https://acmarket.xyz/
    ac market
    AC Market APK
    ac market downloading
    ac market latest version

    ReplyDelete
  49. Norton.com/setup to install setup product key, Learn how to download, install, and activate, Norton Setup, Norton Remove and Reinstall tool helps to uninstall and reinstall Norton security products on Microsoft Windows operating system.

    ReplyDelete
  50. You will enjoy with our iPhone XR cases for girls. Make your iphone XR your best accessory with girly iphone xs max case. Check out our cute protective iphone x cases. Meet our super protective cute protective iphone 8 plus cases. aixonne have a lot of new phone case. Check outtheir collection. We have great cute iphone 6 cases cheap. How much does achain necklace cost?

    ReplyDelete
  51. We have a lot of girly iphone xr cases for your iphone. Are you looking for iphone xs max protective case? check out our Girly iPhone X cases. Buy products related to girly iPhone 8 plus case products. Shop our new Girly iphone 7 plus cases. Your phone upgrade is not complete without one of these new iPhone 6s plus case for girl. Are you looking for silver necklace for women. which iPhone Tempered Glass is best for your phone?

    ReplyDelete
  52. Microsoft workplace setup includes a sort of workplace product with varied options that you simply will get from workplace.com/setup. If you would like to use workplace setup like Outlook, OneDrive, & Skype, then you certainly want a Microsoft Account. Everything that you simply want for your home, school, and office, then transfer it from :
    Office.com/Setup |
    norton.com/setup |
    mcafee.com/activate |
    mcafee activate |
    norton.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  53. Taking about Alexa & Echo duo the Echo is the loudspeaker whereas Alexa is the speech software. They together work to perform a various task that we call as Alexa skills.

    for more 844 260 1666.

    ReplyDelete

  54. How long does sea freight from china to Canada take? How much does it cost to shipping to usa? what is the cheapest way to ship from china to canada? how long does Ship to canada from china take? Looking for Shipping to Europe?

    ReplyDelete
  55. Thank you for the information you have provided so far that can help us in a difficult situation doing difficult tasks. For more info go to:= mcafee.com/activate | norton.com/setup | norton.com/setup | mcafee.com/activate


    ReplyDelete
  56. Lắp camera quan sát an ninh 360 độ có thể giám sát tốt mọi góc nhìn nên thường được sử dụng cho những khu vực cần có sự giám sát chặt chẽ như trung cư, sảnh nhà hàng, bãi giữ xe, nhà ở gia đình, văn phòng…khả năng giám sát chuyên nghiệp này của camera 360 độ đã đem đến sự hài lòng cho nhiều người.

    ReplyDelete
  57. Thank you for sharing excellent information. Your website is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and simply could not come across. What a great web site. Visit @: my sites:-McAfee.com/activate | McAfee support number | norton.com/setup | HP support assistant

    ReplyDelete
  58. norton account setup online security devices guarantee that the individuals who manage delicate information do as such without dread of trading off touchy data.
    http://norton-wwwnorton.com/

    ReplyDelete
  59. much thanks to you for the supportive information continue posting | Web design company in Hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  60. Thank you for posting such a great article! I found your website perfect for my needs. It contains wonderful and helpful posts. Keep up the good work !. Thank you for this wonderful Article!
    For More information visit @ link:-
    HP Printer Assistant | HP Printer Assistant | HP Printer Assistant

    ReplyDelete
  61. office.com/setup Activate Your Product With Us Microsoft Office product comes with a range of professional document and applications, and services.
    norton.com/setup to Secure your All Windows, Mac & Android devices. Get Norton Setup and Run to Install Norton Anti Virus.
    Visit mcafee.com/activate to activate mcafee security. Enter your product key code present on your McAfee retail card, login and get protected.

    ReplyDelete
  62. آیا به دنبال ترجمه مقاله تضمین شده و حرفه ای برای ارسال به ژورنال هستید؟ ترجمه آنلاین سایت تخصصی ترجمه تخصصی انگلیسی به فارسی و ترجمه تخصصی فارسی به انگلیسی است. برای نحوه قیمت گذاری ترجمه مقاله از گروه تخصصی ترجمه، سفارش ترجمه بدهید

    ReplyDelete
  63. Hiii....Thanks for sharing great info...Nice post...Keep move on...
    Angular JS Training Institutes in Hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  64. Thanks for the great post you posted. I like the way you describe the unique content. The points you raise are valid and reasonable. I am a tech support expert telling you about www.office.com/setup.

    ReplyDelete
  65. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  66. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  67. Thank you for your work on the blog! You're doing a good job! Buy Assignment helpnow and save your time and energy. We are all set to help you.

    ReplyDelete
  68. Great Post, Thank you so much for sharing this valuable post. I really like your article quality, and I really love your all articles. TamilRockers, TamilYogi, 7StarHD, ExtraMovies, PagalWorld, Filmywap, Filmyzilla, WPGroup

    ReplyDelete
  69. Great Post, Thank you so much for sharing this valuable post. I really like your article quality, and I really love your all articles. TamilRockers, TamilYogi, 7StarHD, ExtraMovies, PagalWorld, Filmywap, Filmyzilla, WPGroup

    ReplyDelete
  70. Business users may choose the product according to their business level. Other product by the antivirus is for different categories and users across the world rely on it to secure their data.For More information Visit Our Site: 
    norton.com/setup      
      office.com/setup   

    ReplyDelete
  71. Virus and malware infections can penetrate through viral videos, memes and other embedded programs that you see or use daily. Fortunately, there is an antivirus called McAfee to prevent those advance virus and malware programs. McAfee is the most recommended antivirus software that has gained worldwide trust, which you can activate with McAfee Activate 25 Digit Code. For more updates to visit us: - http://mcafeeactivateservice.com/mcafee-activate-dell.html

    ReplyDelete
  72. If you are facing any type of problem related to Antivirus, then we are providing services to secure your PC. For any further update or any query you can use CANON PRINTER TECHNICAL SUPPORT or you can contact our experts on the toll-free number +1-888-845-6052.

    ReplyDelete

  73. Thank you for sharing excellent information. Your website is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and simply could not come across. What a great web site. Visit @: my sites:-
    Hotmail Phone Number
    Hotmail Support Number
    Hotmail Number
    Hotmail Contact Number

    ReplyDelete
  74. norton.com/setup demand and advancement of technology has created a need for norton.com/setup . One cannot imagine their day without computer, internet, email or other cyber stuff. But, the cyber world is full of threats, different kind of attacks, norton.com/setup snooping and malicious software. So we need a special security system which can protect our cyberspace from any attack and malfunctioning. Norton antivirus offers complete protection against any digital threat. norton.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  75. geek squad tech support is one of the leading company for each office and enterprise shoppers. geek squad tech support We offer you services from the expertise and experienced professionals. geek squad tech support Our specialists promise you to deliver fast, economical and efficient facilities for all of your digital and technology-based issues.

    ReplyDelete
  76. Generally I don’t learn article on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very pressured me to check out and do so!

    Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, quite great post.
    norton.com/setup

    ReplyDelete


  77. My name is Leah Brown, I'm a happy woman today? I told myself that any loan lender that could change my life and that of my family after having been scammed separately by these online loan lenders, I will refer to anyone who is looking for loan for them. It gave me and my family happiness, although at first I had a hard time trusting him because of my experiences with past loan lenders, I needed a loan of $300,000.00 to start my life everywhere as single mother with 2 children, I met this honest and God fearing online loan lender Gain Credit Loan who helped me with a $300,000.00 loan, working with a loan company Good reputation. If you are in need of a loan and you are 100% sure of paying the loan please contact (gaincreditloan1@gmail.com)

    ReplyDelete
  78. Thanks for sharing this post.It is very informative and helpful.Visit Us our Website at:
    -da ga truc tuyen
    -đá gà trực tuyến
    -đá gà trực tiếp

    ReplyDelete
  79. we are a digital marketing education provider we provide free digital marketing knowledge to our visitors for free read digital marketing related blogs at www.Marketingseva.com

    ReplyDelete
  80. your blog is very interesting and give more information about my niche.Digital Marketing for optimization.

    ReplyDelete
  81. Only wanna tell that this is very useful , Thanks for taking your time to write this.

    clipping path service|Photo Retouching services|Vector Tracing

    ReplyDelete
  82. Infertility is not conceiving even after having unprotected intercourse for one year. Usually, females conceive in earlier months of the year they started trying for a baby. Approximately 85% of the females conceive in their first year and only 7% conceive in the second year of trying.
    Best IVF Centre in Delhi

    IVF Specialist in Delhi

    best IVF clinic in Delhi

    ReplyDelete
  83. If you want to install or reinstall Windows 10 on your PC you need to have a Windows 10 USB Flash Drive or DVD. In case, you have none of them, you cannot install or reinstall Windows 10 on your PC. Initially, you need to boot into the operating system, if you fail to boot, you might not be able to reinstall Windows 10 without compromising your system files.
    reinstall windows 10 |
    Update Windows 7 |
    Update Windows 10 |
    Restore windows 7 |
    Restore windows 10

    ReplyDelete
  84. If you want to connect your HP printer to Wi-Fi, then the first step is to make sure that your computer’s wireless card is active and your wireless router is turned on, after this, you need to insert the HP setup CD. Once you have inserted the CD, a menu will appear on-screen you just need to click on “Install Network/ Wireless Device”, now follow the installer’s prompts. Now, you have to connect the USB installer cable with your computer and printer and then click on the ‘Finish’ option to complete the installation process and then print it. In case, you face issues while connecting HP printer to Wi-Fi, you can reach HP tech experts via HP Printer Support Number or you can install HP drivers such as HP Printer support and HP Support Assistant.
    HP Printer Support Number |
    HP Printer Setup |
    HP Print and scan doctor |
    HP Printer Support Not printing |
    HP Printer Assistant download |
    HP Support Assistant download |

    ReplyDelete
  85. On Windows 10, System Restore is a feature designed to create a snap of your device and save its working state as a "restore point" when system changes are detected. As with earlier versions of Windows, System Restore allows you to ‘rewind’ your Windows installation to an earlier working state, without affecting your documents. This is possible because Windows automatically saves Restore Points when something significant happens, such as installing a Windows Update or a new application — the idea being that if it goes wrong, you can return to the last Restore Point (or an even earlier one) to turn back time and get things performing as they were previously.
    Restore windows 7 |
    Restore windows 10
    Install Windows 7 |
    Install Windows 10 |
    Download Windows 10

    ReplyDelete
  86. Do you have difficulty in writing an law assignment help? Here is the solution! fullassignment provides law assignment help services at reasonable prices to students across the globe. If you need expert help for your law work, visit the website of fullassignment or talk with the academic expert for more clarification. We provide the best online assignment help to students. For more info please visit our website: https://fullassignment.com/ or reach out us on WhatsApp - (+1) 669-271-4848

    ReplyDelete
  87. Download and install the HP LaserJet Pro m404n driver
     
    1.Go to the HP support site and download the driver
    2.When you get the prompt choose the printer and then press download and run the HP Easy start
    3.When prompted choose the printer and press the My print is not shown
    4.Tap continue and then choose wireless network
    5.Now follow the onscreen setup to finish the wireless network
    To know more about the process of HP LaserJet pro m404n setup you can just give a call at. Also, drop in on our site for more steps on printer setup.

    ReplyDelete
  88. If you want to get information about the job notification, exam and interview dates, and Sarkari Result. you will get many websites of the Government of India. You can easily find out the result for any Government examination.
    sarkariresult |
    sarkri result |
    serkari result |
    sarkari risult |
    sarakri result |
    sarkari resul |
    sarkari resut |
    sarakariresult |
    sarkari reasult |
    sharkari result |
    sarkai result |
    sarkari reslt |
    sarkariresult. |
    sarkari reslut |
    sarkari result. |
    sarkari result notification |
    sarkari resuilt |
    sarkariresul |
    srakari result |
    sarkari resutl |
    sarkari rijalt |
    sarari result

    ReplyDelete
  89. While reading your post, I came to know about the Avast customer support phone number.Actually, this information will be useful to all to know the history. Surely I will share these details with my friends who are studying history. Keep updating more news like this.if you any problem you can connect my expert teams.

    ReplyDelete
  90. I just like the helpful information you supply on your articles. I'll bookmark your weblog and take a look at again right here frequently.

    norton.com/setup

    ReplyDelete

  91. Norton product has many powerful tools like norton power eraser which efficently remove all suspecious activity
    from your system and provide you the safe environment to work without worrying about online fraud and viruses.

    Norton.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  92. Digital marketing encompasses all marketing efforts that use an electronic device or the internet.
    Businesses leverage digital channels such as search engines,
    social media, email, and other websites to
    connect with current and prospective customers.

    ReplyDelete
  93. The essential reason a person utilizes the shrewd gadgets is to surf the Internet, mingle, and utilizing web based shopping stages, henceforth it is important to furnish these gadgets with a defensive layer of security. Introducing Norton on your gadgets can be the best answer for the individuals who wish to protect their security over the Internet. To introduce this security programming you should simply make a Norton account and do as depicted. These security items are promptly accessible at www.norton.com/setup arrangement and can be conveyed from here with no issue.
    norton.com/setup
    norton setup

    ReplyDelete
  94. Gati Packers and Movers _ top and best packers and movers at very good rates and hassale free transportation service provider in all over india and other countries also Gati Packers and Movers

    ReplyDelete
  95. Visit office.com/setup to create Microsoft account and get Microsoft Office software package on your system, with complete steps wise instructions for downloading, installing and activating with the 25-digit product key.

    www.norton.com/setup - To activate norton setup you need to visit www.norton.com/setup. Sign in, create new account, enter product key, buy norton and get support.

    Mcafee.com/activate - Get started with McAfee Security. Step 1. Enter your code Step 2. Log in; Get protected Step 3. Enter your 25-digit activation code.

    ReplyDelete
  96. It is a very nice blog. Really it is a very international destination post. Thanks for sharing this post.
    outsourcing training center

    ReplyDelete
  97. It is not necessary that the extension provided by Microsoft is a really good one but we can bet that it is going to be better, though the extension you have provided is a beta version and has a lot to be improved but can for sure be taken up as one of the best extension in the market, for future. There are a lot of other things that might hurt the presence of grammar due to the fact that the extension that Microsoft has launched will possibly be integrated into the Microsoft office. This means that the Microsoft office is getting bigger.

    Office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  98. Open your web browser and go to the McAfee.com/Activate.It will be mentioned on your retail card if you’ve purchased your subscription via a retail shop.
    mcafee.com/activate

    ReplyDelete
  99. How Much Time Binance Customer Care Takes For Verification?

    Call 1833-464-7652 Binance verification process is not time consuming at all but it might take a few days. It helps in increasing the daily withdrawal limit from 2 BTC to 100 BTC a day. If you don’t know how to proceed for verification process of the Binance exchange and need support to carry forward the process, you can always take support from the team of elite executives who is always active and functional 24/7 in a day and seven days in a week without any stop. Call on the Binance helpline number for support. Binance customer service

    ReplyDelete
  100. The other A right next to it is the A with the eraser, this will let you clear all the formatting that you have done before. Right below that in the new line is the “B” button that will make your selected text, Bolder and the next button “I” will make your select text into slants or Italics. The other button with “U” will under line your selected text. Office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  101. Like any other single feature, McAfee.com/Activate Auto-renewal will possess any coverages, to be supplied a opinion. Such coverage allow one to remain secure, until the conclusion of every subscription. Policies can guarantee that with such AUTO-RENEWAL MCAFEE services and products that your safety could be your concern. mcafee.com/activate

    ReplyDelete
  102. Thank you for sharing excellent information. Your website is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and simply could not come across. What a great web site. Visit@ Mcafee.com/Activate | Office.com/Setup | Youtube.com/Activate | Office Setup | www.mcafee.com/activate

    ReplyDelete
  103. There could be various reasons Why Canon Printer Keeps Going Offline. may be connectivity issues at fault but the one main reason is due to the lack of communication. To know how to convert the Canon printer online from offline, you need to place a call on Canon Printer Technical Support number. The well-educated and top-most technicians will let you know the right possible solution to such a problem.

    ReplyDelete
  104. We are best service provider in over all Delhi/NCR area.If you wanna be Girl For making and memorable, contact us for loving and independent girls in Mahipalpur.Then call me on +91-9773622641
    Escort Service In aerocity

    ReplyDelete
  105. I appreciate your blog and thanks for the informative share. If you are looking for the best antivirus software and support so you should try one of them which may help you a lot. Click below:

    mcafee.com/activate

    ReplyDelete
  106. Steps to download and install, activate your Mcafee Product via mcafee activate. for more information visit: www.McAfee.com/activate . Are you facing the trouble to download, install and activate the McAfee product to the device? Follow the stepwise procedure detailed here for successfully activating the McAfee subscription using the redeemed McAfee Activation License Keycode.

    mcafee.com/activate

    ReplyDelete
  107. Are you worry about your Business, Due to COVID-19, Many businesses lost their revenue. But Our Digital Marketing Company USA Grow your business in less time. services we provide are design, Web development, online marketing, business, Web hosting and much more, we give a special discount for our customers.

    ReplyDelete
  108. This Blog has Very useful information. Worth visiting. Thanks to you .keep sharing this type of informative articles with us.
    Real Estate Companies In Hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  109. It's really nice and meanful. it's really cool blog. Linking is very useful thing.you have really helped lots of people who visit blog and provide them usefull information.

    Data Science Training

    ReplyDelete
  110. This Blog has Very useful information. Worth visiting. Thanks to you .keep sharing this type of informative articles with us.|Best IIT JEE Coaching In Hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  111. WOW !
    i thing thats good for you

    >> REVIEW Thank you!

    ReplyDelete
  112. WOW !
    i thing thats good for you

    >> Dream Meaning

    >> NEW Series

    >> REVIEW Thank you!

    ReplyDelete
  113. This Blog has Very useful information. Worth visiting. Thanks to you .keep sharing this type of informative articles with us.

    plots for sale in Hyderabad

    ReplyDelete
  114. Good post found to be very impressive while going through this post. Thanks for sharing and keep posting such an informative content
    celebritystorynow
    celebritystorynow
    celebritystorynow

    ReplyDelete
  115. Now get the best Aeromexico flight reservations at lowest price, you can easily book your flight ticket.

    ReplyDelete
  116. You can easily get the solution of your problem realted to Aeromexico Ticket Booking, follow these steps and book your flight tickets at lowest price.

    ReplyDelete
  117. Now here I want to share some information, if you are looking for trip with Aeromexico flight Reservations then now you can easily book your flight tickets at best price.

    ReplyDelete
  118. Great article... Here you can Vote for Bigg Boss Telugu Vote

    Bigg boss Telugu Vote

    ReplyDelete
  119. Thanks for sharing information about KLM flight booking, keep it up.

    ReplyDelete
  120. Book Frontier Airlines Reservations & get upto 35% discount on Flight Tickets. Call +1-855-948-3805 to know all current Cheap Flight Deals.

    ReplyDelete
  121. Now book your flight tickets at Southwest Airlines Reservations, they provide best way to book your flight tickets at lowest price, our customer service 24*7 available for customer help.

    ReplyDelete
  122. If you are looking for best international flight booking system, then here Delta Airlines Reservations customer service available to help you. For more details, visit link: Delta Airlines Reservations

    ReplyDelete
  123. Hello! I just want to give a big thank you for the great information you have here in this post. I will probably come back to your blog soon for more information!

    Data Science Course

    ReplyDelete
  124. Awesome post! Acadecraft offers the widest variety of dubbing services, cautiously crafted by our specialist dubbing artists, who can dub in ample of languages. Acadecraft has an in-house team of voice-over artists and technical subject matter experts who pay attention to the tone, language, punctuation, pitch, pace, synchronization, and consistency while dubbing.
    audio dubbing services online
    closed captioning service providers

    ReplyDelete
  125. It is very good video! Well done. But I see you have not more than 50 subscribers on your channel. Do you want all the world watch your video? You need to get more subscribers from here https://soclikes.com/buy-youtube-subscribers

    ReplyDelete
  126. Microsoft Office Suite of products developed by Microsoft that includes Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint, and Outlook. Get some easy steps for easy downloading, installing, activating, and re-installing the Microsoft Office suite by visiting the following links.
    office.com/setup


    ReplyDelete
  127. lens flare is caused by the bright light source of shining into the lens. It is depend upon the shape of the glass of the size.

    Thanks

    office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  128. I think the best way to be seen is to look for a YouTube Promotion or buy tiktok views for videos you upload.

    ReplyDelete
  129. I have found the best way to be seen is to buy twitter followers or buy Instagram followers so people can like and share your photos

    ReplyDelete
  130. Malting is a complex process that requires a deep insight into the temperature, raw materials, stages and help from an expert. Dourcy Jean Louis explains you beer malting process in depth and resolve your all queries related to the beer brewing process

    ReplyDelete
  131. In the wake of going over a modest bunch of the blog articles on your site, I really appreciate your procedure of composing a blog. I bookmarked it to my bookmark site page list and will return sooner rather than later. Kindly look at my site also and let me understand your opinion.
    evrmag

    ReplyDelete
  132. There are 4 types of lens & all are mentioned differently in the blog.

    office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete
  133. Russian call girls Uttarakhand, Mussoorie is easily available and well spread across the city. If you want them to be your partner, you just need to let your service provider know about your preferences and they can find the best match for you. Russian call girls know different ways to make you feel happy in your private own time with them. These Mussoorie Call Girls are really appealing in terms of their looks and personality which is attracted by most of the customers.

    Click Here:- Mussoorie Escorts Service
    Click Here:- Mussoorie Call Girls

    ReplyDelete
  134. Your blog is great. I read a lot of interesting things from it. Thank you very much for sharing. Hope you will update more news in the future. For Simple Steps to Resolve AOL Mail Issues please contact our technical expert for help .

    ReplyDelete
  135. This is really a great article and knowledgeable information you have shared with visitors. office.com/setup physically-based method for the computer graphics simulation of lens flare I also watched your video and pictures that you have posted on your blog. That information is very helpful; and beneficial. Keep share more and more good blogs...

    ReplyDelete
  136. Best work you have done, this online website is cool with great facts and looks. I have stopped at this blog after viewing the excellent content. I will be back for more qualitative work. Checkout low maintenance non shedding dogs for apartment living.

    ReplyDelete
  137. Superb explanation & it's too clear to understand the concept as well, keep sharing admin with some updated information

    with right examples. Keep update more posts. Nice Article! Thanks for sharing such amazing information.
    SEO Company
    Digital Marketing Service
    Digital Marketing company in Delhi

    ReplyDelete
  138. Hi Guys (+91-90000000000) if you are physically Satisfaction & Relaxation only No 1 Escort Lucknow Escorts Service then welcome to our website because great models, collage girl & housewife collection service here Available 24/7. Go to Website. (www.divyaji.com)

    ReplyDelete
  139. I want to justify one thing here that I love to find this blog because of the amazing points to read. Book Cheap Flights Tickets is not the challenging task with the help of smartflightsfares.

    ReplyDelete
  140. I want to justify one thing here that I love to find this blog because of the amazing points to read. Book Cheap Flights Tickets is not the challenging task with the help of smartflightsfares.

    ReplyDelete
  141. Make sure your doubts should be cleared from this blog on this topic. You can get the best price discount from the Holidays in Europe for the US Travel.

    ReplyDelete
  142. This blog is regarding different types of Physically Based Lens Flare and this is very informative.

    office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete

  143. Ultimate Destination for finding a High Profile Independent Escorts in Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida ..!. Like You Feel 100 % Real Girl Friend Experience.
    Gurgaon Escorts | Delhi Escorts | Noida Escorts

    ReplyDelete
  144. Find the best partner for all kind of your night desire to choose South Ex Escorts these girls are interested in doing some fun with you and will ensure that you have complete fun lust girls69, more visit the website,

    ReplyDelete
  145. Read your blog, it is very informative and you have shared such quality key points with us.

    office.com/setup

    ReplyDelete

  146. Thanks For sharing this helpful information. Keep writing!
    Lets talk about aol email supports technical team, they offer you one of the best email service all over the usa.
    To know more click here and get instant help!
    Change AOL Password
    Change AOL Email Password
    Change AOL Mail Password
    Change AOL Password Online
    How to Change AOL Password
    Forgot AOL Password
    Forgot AOL Mail Password
    Forgot AOL Email Password
    Recover Forgot AOL Password
    How to Recover Forgot AOL Password

    ReplyDelete